Scientists from INST Mohali develop artificial synaptic chip that replicates biological synapses
By MYBRANDBOOK
Scientists at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) in Mohali, Punjab, which operates under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), have developed an artificial synaptic device that mimics the behavior of biological synapses. This innovation aims to revolutionize information technology by creating more efficient computing models.
The team has employed two-dimensional electron gas in oxide heterostructures to design a neuromorphic architecture—an integrated approach inspired by the workings of the biological brain, enabling logic operations on a single chip.
Traditional computers, based on the von Neumann architecture, separate memory and computation into distinct physical units. This separation leads to inefficiencies, particularly when managing numerous instructions and data simultaneously, as information must travel along a single pathway, creating a "bottleneck."
To address the limitations of von Neumann computing, the INST researchers adopted a strategy that aligns more closely with human brain functionality. They utilized two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) within the EuO-KTaO3 (KTO) oxide heterostructure to create a chip exhibiting neuromorphic properties and significant resistive switching behavior.
Current is generated at the interface of EuO-KTaO3 when exposed to light, and this current continues even after the light is turned off, showcasing high persistent photoconductivity. This property is essential for emulating cognitive functions like sensory perception, learning, and memory.
The new chip not only replicates the short- and long-term plasticity found in biological synapses but also performs logic gate operations, greatly enhancing its versatility and potential for integration into advanced neuromorphic systems.
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